You are probably familiar with stomach problems such as acid reflux and heartburn that occur when there is too much stomach acid. But did you know that low stomach acid can also be a problem? Hypochlorhydria, or a deficiency of stomach acid, specifically low hydrochloric acid (HCl), the most powerful acid your stomach produces. It helps kill bacteria and other harmful chemicals that affect your digestive system and immune system. However, when your body doesn’t make enough stomach acid, it can make it harder to properly digest food or absorb nutrients. We will tell you its symptoms and how to deal with it.

What is hypochlorohydria (low stomach acid)?

Hypochlorohydria inhibits the digestive process, leading to many symptoms. When someone struggles with this condition, they may experience indigestion, bloating, and discomfort after eating meals due to the body’s inability to break down food. Furthermore, it also reduces the absorption of nutrients, which can cause deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals. Over time, untreated hypochlorhydria can lead to more serious health problems, such as malnutrition and gastrointestinal problems, which affect overall well-being and quality of life.

What causes hypochlorhydria?

Low stomach acid can be caused by a variety of reasons. Dr. Manjusha Aggarwal, an internal medicine physician explains, “Chronic stress disrupts the balance of gastric secretions and reduces the production of acid in the stomach. Another common cause is the frequent use of antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to manage acid reflux or heartburn. While these drugs provide temporary relief from symptoms, they gradually lead to decreased stomach acid production over time.

As a person gets older, the body naturally produces less digestive enzymes and acids, which means aging is also a factor. In addition, dietary mistakes such as excessive alcohol consumption, nutrient deficiencies and a diet low in protein can also contribute.

Symptoms of hypochlorhydria

Although stomach acid is critical for breaking down food, aiding nutrient absorption, and protecting against harmful bacteria, inadequate levels can disrupt these processes. Here are 5 common symptoms of low stomach acid that you should know about:

1. Indigestion

Hypochlorhydria can cause indigestion symptoms such as bloating, gas and discomfort after meals. This makes it difficult to break down food without enough stomach acid, and it causes food to stay in the stomach longer, leading to indigestion.

2. Frequent burping or belching

When the stomach struggles to digest food, it produces excess gas, which often leads to burping or belching.

3. Heartburn

Contrary to common belief, hypochlorhydria weakens the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux and a burning sensation.

4. Weaken the immune system

Insufficient stomach acid increases the risk of bacterial overgrowth in the digestive tract, which affects your immune system. This increases the risk of infections and gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea or constipation.

5. Poor nutrient absorption

Stomach acid is important for breaking down proteins and activating enzymes needed to absorb nutrients such as iron, calcium and B vitamins. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness and brittle bones.

Treatment for low stomach acid

Taking a holistic approach to managing hypochlorhydria, rather than relying solely on antacids or medications that suppress stomach acid production, is key to long-term well-being, says Dr. Agarwal. Here are 6 tips to manage the situation:

1. Dietary changes

Include foods that support digestion, such as fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt. These foods contain probiotics that aid in digestion. Additionally, include fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to promote regular bowel movements.

2. Chew thoroughly

Proper chewing of food stimulates the production of gastric juices, including stomach acid. Take your time to chew each bite thoroughly before swallowing to aid digestion.

3. Avoid overeating

Eating large meals can damage the digestive system. Choose small, frequent meals to ease the burden on your stomach and aid digestion.

4. Manage stress

Chronic stress impairs digestion and reduces stomach acid production. Practice stress reduction techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga or spending time in nature to support overall digestive health.

5. Apple cider vinegar

Consuming diluted apple cider vinegar before meals can stimulate stomach acid production. Mix one tablespoon of apple cider vinegar with water and drink it 15-20 minutes before meals.

6. Hydrochloric acid supplements

Your doctor may prescribe supplements such as betaine hydrochloride to restore your stomach’s pH.

Apart from these tips, avoid or reduce the intake of foods that suppress acid production such as caffeine, alcohol and spicy foods. Also practice relaxation activities such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in enjoyable activities to help manage stress levels and improve overall gut health.